Bookmaking

Bookmaking describes the process of binding a book by hand, typically using “codex book binding”. The first step in codex binding is to fold several sections of paper sheets, or “leaves”, into what are called “signatures”. The number of pages in a signature can vary as can the number of signatures in a book. Next, the individual signatures are sewn together with waxed thread along their folded edge, this serves to secure each signature to the one before it forming a single unit called a “book block”. Finally, the book block is “cased in” using flexible adhesive to attach a protective cover to its spine. Covers can either be made with soft paperback material or stiff hardcover book board that can also be wrapped with colorful book fabric or leather.

There are many ways to assemble signatures ranging from a simple stapled saddle stitch and a basic pamphlet stitch, to more complex stitches such as, coptic, kettle, or section sewn binding. Additionally, there are an array of intricate and decorative Japanese stab binding stitches. Another popular binding method called perfect binding can be done by simply gluing a loose stack of individual pages along its spine then adhering the block to a soft or hard cover. Other less permanent binding methods include wire coils, loose-leaf rings, and screw binding posts.

Today, bookmaking can be divided into two camps - modernized commercial operations that can mass-produce thousands of editions using high speed printers and binding machines and the more traditional craftsman and independent publishers who can make custom limited editions of books by hand. There are also select bindery shops that offer restoration and preservation methods for old books.